Design and Development of Lithium Sulfur Batteries for EV based Two wheelers Ref.No.SSTCRC2615
1. Introduction
Among various energy storage options, rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries (LiSB) are regarded as a highly promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices, featuring low cost, high density, and reversibility. This is due to their extremely high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh/kg, which endows them with cost-effectiveness. These batteries are environmentally friendly, contributing to the transition to low carbon emissions and thus supporting a sustainable economy. Pakistan can explore opportunities in this emerging market to promote a green revolution while complying with CBAM trade restrictions.
Currently, the electric vehicle (EV) industry and energy storage units for photovoltaic (PV) systems are thriving and gaining global popularity, with numerous market players in each field. Locally produced electric bikes are becoming increasingly common, and more households than ever are adopting PV systems due to rising electricity costs. Therefore, the commercialization of LiSB is not only highly feasible but also an urgent need. Furthermore, the advantages of Li-S systems so far surpass the performance of regular lithium batteries, making large-scale adoption by battery manufacturers highly profitable and beneficial.
2. Research Progress
Preliminary experiments have been completed; however, a more in-depth understanding of the process is still needed. We successfully examined sulfur-carbon nanocomposites as cathode materials, which were prepared using the precipitation method, and conducted conductivity studies on them.
3. Cooperation Required
To achieve the set objectives, further work on doped counterparts and electrolyte design is necessary. As a result, tests on the cathode for battery applications and doping processes aimed at further enhancing conductivity have not yet been carried out. Additionally, data collection, coupled with efforts in machine learning (which will require expertise exchange and funding support), is needed.
4. Benefits
-Local EV producers will benefit from increased range, cost savings, and efficiency. This will reduce use of fossil fuel and materials and will support environmental sustainability.
-In the light of recent CBAM, LiS batteries will help reduce mining of toxic Co and Ni required Li-ion batteries. Further, the projected high efficiency is expected to reduce carbon emissions that will help reduce carbon taxation under the new EU policy and fair trading will be possible.
-Building a local Li-S battery manufacturing industry will create many high-skilled jobs in research, development, production, and related fields. This will support economic growth and improve the country's prosperity. Partnerships between research institutions and industries will encourage innovation and speed up the development of advanced battery technologies.
-Pakistan heavily relies on imports as only in 2023, Pakistan imported $76.8 million worth of batteries, with China being the largest supplier ($64.5 M). The development of LiS batteries aims to reduce this reliance and boost exports by using local reserves for Li and S. Even a 50% reduction in imports on battery can save approx. $38.4 M annually and hence our foreign exchange reserves.
-Cost-effective, compact, and efficient Li-S battery systems will drive adoption in EVs (two wheelers initially and solar energy systems) and photovoltaic systems, transforming these industries.
5. Outputs
-Technical paper
-Possibility to file patent